Try and add more solute at the same temperature and observe 7. Now heat the solutions and add more solute to the solution. NaCl and Epsom salt. However at all temperatures the saturation point of sucrose could not be obtained exactly as due to the large size of the molecule the solution became thick and refraction was more prominent. Neglecting this observation in the room for error, the experiments agreed with the theory. Adding more solute to heated solutions increased the solubility in all the 3 cases.
The largest increase was shown by NaCl, followed by Epsom salt and sucrose. These facts too agreed with the theory as at high temperatures the kinetic energy of molecules increases and the collisions are more effective.
Also since the size of both the cation and anion are small, the collisions are more and hence probability of dissociation is high. The solubility of MgSO4 is also high as it is also an ionic salt, but due to a larger anion, collisions are not very effective. The solubility of C12H22O11 is the least as it a very large molecule due to which hydrogen bonding with the water molecules is not very effective. Also due to the large number of carbon and oxygen atoms, inter molecular H-bonding is more dominant than intramolecular H-bonding.
While adding the solute to the solvent, the solution should be stirred slowly so as to avoid the formation of any globules. Stirring should not be vigorous as the kinetic energy of the molecules might change due to which solubility can increase. While stirring, contact with the walls of the container should be avoided as with every collision, an impulse is generated which makes the dissolved solute particles rearrange themselves. As a result solubility can decrease. The temperature while conducting all the three experiments should be approximately same.
Epsom salt should be first dried in order to remove the water of crystallization MgSO4. The observations agreed with the related theory within the range of experimental error. Wikipedia, III. Total views , On Slideshare 0.
From embeds 0. Number of embeds 9. Downloads Shares 0. Comments 0. Likes You just clipped your first slide! Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Visibility Others can see my Clipboard. The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material that is durable in the face of normal environment effects.
Portland cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and non speciality grout. The most common use for portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate gravel and sand , cement and water. As a construction material, concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired and once hardened, can become a structural load baering element. Portland cement may be gray or white. Portland cement 8. Construction of buildings using cement Cement used in construction is characterised as hydraulic or non-hydraulic.
Hydraulic cements eg. The chemical reaction that results when the anhydrous cement powder is mixed with water produces hydrates that are not water-soluble. Non- hydraulic cements eg. Lime and gypsum plaster must be kept dry in order to retain their strength. For example, Sea sand obtained from sea contains unwanted salts and retards setting of cement and is not suitable for making mortar.
On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained from pits in the soil and the River sand obtained from riverbed is considered excellent for preparing mortar and concrete. When a cement paste in the ratio in water is allowed to dry, the strength of solid mass keeps on increasing with increase in time given for setting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in Observation table. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers and prepare their pastes by adding minimum amount of water 3.
Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark them from 1 to 9. Fill the three cases with the paste of each composition. Spray water from time to time over the paste ,so that they remain moist all the time.
After three days, take out one slab of each composition and test their strengths. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days after 30 days respectively and test their strengths SL. Theory: The latest method of cancer treatment includes using particles of nano-gold to absorb light from infrared lasers and destroy a tumour. It is slightly challenging because the light must not harm the healthy tissues. Requirements: Vial of nano-gold red, pink, blue suspensions, Vial of water with yellow food colouring, Flask of coloured water red, pink, blue , LED flashlights, Magnet board from Seeing Scale , Red theatrical gel.
Theory: The solar cells have more energy output when the material is blended well. Through this experiment, various objects and substances with different measures are used to impact the output energy of a solar cell. Requirements: 10 ml vinegar, 6g Titanium Dioxide, dishwashing detergent, TiO2 solution, berries, water, glass slides, multimeter.
Apart from these two popular choices for the chemistry project for class 12 students, you can decide and design a project based on your own choices and depending on the available resources. Given below is the list of top ideas that you can choose to prepare your chemistry project for class 12 CBSE easily:. We hope that we have provided you with every little detail you wanted to prepare for your chemistry project for class If you are looking forward to pursuing a career in any of the branches of chemistry , turn up to Leverage Edu.
Book your 30 minutes of free career counselling session with us and get the answers to all your career-related queries. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Hi Shivam, Get in touch with our experts and they will provide you with projects ideas on this topic. Bsc Chemistry Syllabus. List of BiPC Subjects. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published.
Take the first step today. Even a slight variationin these two factors, can disturb the action of enzymes. In other words, digestion of food by salivary amylase is also effected by pH and temperature and can be verified experimentally.
For example, hydrolysis of starch can be verified by testing it with iodine solution. Starch forms blue coloured complex with iodine. If no starch is present in a system it will not give blue colour with iodine. Chemistry Experiment 1 Procedure Procedure for Chemistry Experiment 1 is: 1 Collection of Saliva — Rinse mouth throughly with cold water and ensure that it does not contain any food particles.
Now take about 20ml of lupe warm water in the mouth and gangle for about three minutes so that saliva mixes up well with it.
Spit this into a beaker. Filter, if there is any suspended impurity clear filtrate is saliva solution and contains enzyme ptyalin. Dilute the paste by adding 50ml water and boil for about 5 minutes.
Add 2ml of saliva solution into it. Mix the solutions well by shaking the tube carefully and start a step watch. Note the colour produced, if any. Record the time and blue colour intensity. That is whole of the starch has got digested or hydrolysed.
Chemistry Experiment 2 Procedure: - Effect of temperature on the digestion of starch by saliva. Note the intensity of blue coloured form. Conclusion Starch get hydrolysed by saliva amylase Chemistry Experiment 3 Procedure: - To study the effect of pH on the salivary digestion of starch 1 Take three test tubes and label these 1, 2, and 3. Total views , On Slideshare 0. From embeds 0. Number of embeds 5, Downloads 5,
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